Financial Services Attributes

The Financial Services Sector includes insurance companies, banks, brokerages, mutual fund companies, and other similar companies. Before the 2008-09  financial meltdown, financial services stocks were the cornerstone on many dividend income portfolios. They offered relatively high yields and good dividend growth rates, for the perceived small risk of the stock. Unfortunately, things are not always as they seem. Under the surface banks were making questionable loans , while investment firms were creating and peddling exotic financial instruments. In effect, their CEO’s were building a house of cards in a hurricane – it was destined to fail, and it did.

This should be a warning when investing in the Financial Services Sector – not a stop sign. Many of these companies are in very lucrative positions. With interest rates as low as they are, banks are enjoying decent spreads, not to mention all the new fees they are dreaming-up to charge their customers.  With the advent of electronic banking, we have so much tied to our accounts. The pain threshold of changing banks is high, and they know it.

Have you ever filed an insurance claim and were satisfied with the outcome? I have not spoke with many people that have. Recently, a hail storm hit my neighborhood causing damage to several roofs, including mine. My insurance company (a name that everyone would know if I mentioned it) paid less than 10% of the damage I incurred – then raised my rates. They will recoup their payment to me in about 20 months. What a business model! You can complain about it, or invest in the industry and profit from it. I’ve chosen the latter.

Financial Services Companies

Below are several leading Consumer Goods companies that I follow. The companies selected have a dividend yield in excess of 2.25% and have raised their dividends for at least 10 years.

People’s United Financial Inc. (PBCT) | Yield: 5.9% | Growth: 11.3% | Years: 13
People’s United Financial Inc. provides a full range of banking and financial service products to individuals, corporations and municipal customers in the U.S. Northeast.

Old Republic International (ORI) | Yield: 5.7% | Growth: 15.0% | Years: 29
Old Republic Intl writes property and liability, mortgage guaranty, title and life, and disability insurance.

Mercury General Corp. (MCY) | Yield: 5.5% | Growth: 1.1% | Years: 23
Mercury General Corp. is an insurance holding company, operating primarily in California, writes a full line of automobile coverage for all classifications of risk.

Hudson City Bancorp Inc. (HCBK) | Yield: 5.4% | Growth: 1.7% | Years: 10
Hudson City Bancorp Inc. operates over 100 branches in the New York metropolitan area. It caters to high median household income counties and focuses on jumbo mortgage loan funding, largely through time deposits.

Cincinnati Financial Corp. (CINF) | Yield: 4.8% | Growth: 1.0% | Years: 50
Cincinnati Financial Corp. markets primarily property and casualty coverage. It also conducts life insurance and asset management operations.

Arrow Financial Corp. (AROW) | Yield: 4.2% | Growth: 2.2% | Years: 17
Arrow Financial owns Glens Falls National Bank & Trust Company and Saratoga National Bank & Trust Company, which offer commercial and consumer banking and financial products in U.S.

Community Trust Bank Corp. (CTBI) | Yield: 4.2% | Growth: 0.8% | Years: 30
Community Trust Bank Corp. owns and operates Community Trust Bank, Inc. of Pikeville, KY, which provides commercial banking services in Kentucky and West Virginia; and a trust company.

Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC) | Yield: 3.8% | Growth: 8.0% | Years: 24
Harleysville Group Inc. underwrites a broad array of personal and commercial coverages. These insurance coverages are marketed primarily in the Eastern and Midwestern United States.

First Financial Corp. (THFF) | Yield: 2.9% | Growth: 1.1% | Years: 22
First Financial Corporation provides various financial services from 48 branch offices in west-central Indiana and east-central Illinois (Dec. 31, 2008).

Chubb Corporation (CB) | Yield: 2.5% | Growth: 5.7% | Years: 46
Chubb Corporation is one of the largest U.S. property-casualty insurers, Chubb has carved out a number of niches, including high-end personal lines and specialty liability lines coverage.

Conclusion

The Financial Services sector is the second largest sector in my database of dividend stocks. Of the 198 stocks that I track, it currently is represented by 33 stocks (17%). This is a sector many dividend growth investors are hesitant to own. The perceived higher risk brings higher yields and with potential growth to the income investor. Even after the melt-down, many income and value portfolios continue to be over-weighted in Financial Services, including Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A) at 41%. As for my portfolio, I will continue to enjoy what the Financial Services Sector brings to the table, but I will limit my exposure to no more than 10%.

Full Disclosure: Long CINF, HGIC. See a list of all my income holdings here.

Related Posts
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(Photo Credit)

Here are some eye-opening statistics from saperston.com:

The latest census figures indicate that only one in every ten Americans today is financially prepared to retire when they reach age 65. Here are a few other facts on retirement gathered from a variety of sources.

* Forty-seven percent of U.S. households are not covered by either a defined benefit or defined contribution plan (The WEFA Group). Twenty-five percent of employees who qualify for 401(k) plans do not contribute to them (an estimate from Buck Consultants).

* At the end of WWII, there were 42 workers paying into Social Security for each person receiving benefits. Today, barely three people contribute for each recipient. Projections are that by 2030, when most baby boomers will have retired, just two working people will contribute for each person receiving benefits (Social Security Administration, Trust Funds Report, 1992).

* Social Security benefits will replace only 16% of the income of married couples earning $50,000 to $100,000 and only 9.5% of the income of married couples earning $100,000 and only 9.5% of the income of married couples earning $100,000-plus (Office of Research and Economic Analysis, Pension and Welfare Administration).

* Sixty-nine percent of American adults aged 25 to 44 expect to retire in the “traditional” sense of spending retirement in leisure. But reality hits home as they near retirement-63% of 45- to 54-year-olds expect a retirement of leisure, and only 49% of those 55 or older say the same (Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Co.).

* Working people tend to think their retirement lifestyle will be better than their current lifestyle, but retirees report their standard of living has declined. Example: Twenty-six percent of workers say they are “just making ends meet,” but only 16% think they will live this way in retirement. Of retirees, 20% are “just making ends meet,” while 16% describe their pre-retirement lifestyle this way (Employee Benefit Research Institute).

* A Baby Boom Retirement Savings Index, published each year by Merrill Lynch, shows that as of November ’94, baby boomers were saving only 38.2% of what they will need to maintain growth-adjusted living standards in retirement. The index is basically unchanged in the three years the index has been published (Merrill Lynch Strategic Planning).

It doesn’t have be this way. A little knowledge and planning will get you on the road to financial security. Often the first question is ‘what will I make in retirement if I start saving today?’ This can be difficult to answer given all the uncertainties in the future. However, I have made it easy for you by setting up a Google Documents Retirement Calculator Spreadsheet that can be used to model your projected retirement income from dividend stocks. Please do NOT edit the spreadsheet, only enter values in the yellow cells and leave the calculator usable for the next person. For those with access to Excel or Open Office, you can download the spreadsheet here.

The spreadsheet is really easy to use. It has three relevant tabs: 1.) Input, 2.) Results and 3.) Details. Let’s work through a simple example. On the input tab enter:

Current Age: 20
Retirement Age: 65

Income Stocks Current Value: 5000
Income Stocks Cost Basis: 4000 (What you paid for the stocks)
Income Stocks Annual Dividend Income: 225
Annual Contribution: 1200 (or $100 per month)

Dividend Growth Rate: 6%
Contribution Growth Rate: 4% (e.g. your annual raise from your employer)
Inflation Rate: 3% (important, but often overlooked)

Enter this in then go to the Results Tab. Here you will see what things will look like at retirement if all your assumptions are correct. In this case:

In 45 years when you retire at age 65:

- Your portfolio’s market value will be: $2,334,233
- Your portfolio’s cost basis will be: $1,061,365

- Your portfolio’s current yield will be: 4.50%
- Your portfolio’s yield-on-cost will be: 9.90%

- Your portfolio’s annual income will be: $105,040
- The above income In today’s dollars will be: $27,777

The 4.5% yield may seem high, but it is an average yield. Consider the following basket of stocks that would give you about a 4.5% yield and 6% dividend growth rate:

A $2 million dollar portfolio paying me $105 thousand a year sounds pretty good, but look at the last line. Could you live on $27,777 today? With 3% annual inflation that $105 thousand in 45 years has the same purchasing power as $27 thousand dollars today. Ouch!

It sounds bad but the reality is that if you know this is coming you can plan for it. After the kids are out of college and your house is paid for you will have a lot more disposable income to put toward retirement. The problem is that many people don’t realize they have a problem and that disposable income goes toward European trips, vacation homes, bass boats, et. al. Also, there will likely be other retirement income sources, such as a pension, 401(k), social security, etc.

Remember, everyone has a retirement plan – some have a thoughtful roadmap that they are following, while the others, by default, are planning to fail. Which group are you in?

Full Disclosure: Long ABT, CL, CTL, HGIC, JNJ, LEG, PG, T, UHT. See a list of all my income holdings here.

Related Posts
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- What Would Warren Buffett Do?
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- Dividend Stocks Are Getting Expensive

(Photo: Steve Woods)

Linked here is a detailed quantitative analysis of Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC). Below are some highlights from the above linked analysis:

Company Description: Harleysville Group Inc. underwrites a broad array of personal and commercial coverages. These insurance coverages are marketed primarily in the Eastern and Midwestern United States.

Fair Value: In calculating fair value, I consider the NPV MMA Differential Fair Value along with these four calculations of fair value, see page 2 of the linked PDF for a detailed description:

1. Avg. High Yield Price
2. 20-Year DCF Price
3. Avg. P/E Price
4. Graham Number

HGIC is trading at a discount to only 4.) above. The stock is trading at a 5.3% discount to its calculated fair value of $38.88. HGIC earned a Star in this section since it is trading at a fair value.

Dividend Analytical Data: In this section there are three possible Stars and three key metrics, see page 2 of the linked PDF for a detailed description:

1. Free Cash Flow Payout
2. Debt To Total Capital
3. Key Metrics
4. Dividend Growth Rate
5. Years of Div. Growth
6. Rolling 4-yr Div. > 15%

HGIC earned two Stars in this section for 2.) and 3.) above. The stock earned a Star as a result of its most recent Debt to Total Capital being less than 45%. HGIC earned a Star for having an acceptable score in at least two of the four Key Metrics measured. The company has paid a cash dividend to shareholders every year since 1986 and has increased its dividend payments for 24 consecutive years.

Dividend Income vs. MMA: Why would you assume the equity risk and invest in a dividend stock if you could earn a better return in a much less risky money market account (MMA)? This section compares the earning ability of this stock with a high yield MMA. Two items are considered in this section, see page 2 of the linked PDF for a detailed description:

1. NPV MMA Diff.
2. Years to > MMA

HGIC earned a Star in this section for its NPV MMA Diff. of the $1,504. This amount is in excess of the $1,100 target I look for in a stock that has increased dividends as long as HGIC has. If HGIC grows its dividend at 8.0% per year, it will take 1 years to equal a MMA yielding an estimated 20-year average rate of 3.9%. HGIC earned a check for the Key Metric ‘Years to >MMA’ since its 1 years is less than the 5 year target.

Memberships and Peers: HGIC is a member of the Broad Dividend Achievers™ Index. The company’s peer group includes: Chubb Corporation (CB) with a 2.5% yield, Mercury General Corporation (MCY) with a 5.6% yield and State Auto Financial Corp. (STFC) with a 3.5% yield.

Conclusion: HGIC earned one Star in the Fair Value section, earned two Stars in the Dividend Analytical Data section and earned one Star in the Dividend Income vs. MMA section for a total of four Stars. This quantitatively ranks HGIC as a 4 Star-Buy.

Using my D4L-PreScreen.xls model, I determined the share price would need to increase to $41.10 before HGIC’s NPV MMA Differential decreased to the $1,100 minimum that I look for in a stock with 24 years of consecutive dividend increases. At that price the stock would yield 3.28%.

Resetting the D4L-PreScreen.xls model and solving for the dividend growth rate needed to generate the target $1,100 NPV MMA Differential, the calculated rate is 6.9%. This dividend growth rate is below the 8.0% used in this analysis, thus providing a margin of safety. HGIC has a risk rating of 1.25 which classifies it as a low risk stock.

HGIC underwrites property and casualty insurance policies and offers commercial automobile, workers’ compensation, and multiperil insurance, as well as personal automobile and homeowner’s insurance. The company markets its policies through almost 2,000 insurance agencies, and maintains offices in about a dozen states. On October 27, 2009, HGIC agreed to assume Delta’s book of Delta Lloyds Flood Insurance Business effective November 1, 2009. The company has a strong balance sheet with very little debt. The company still has sufficient room to grow its dividend with a current free cash flow payout of only 33%. I will continue to add to my HGIC position when the stock is trading below my buy price of $38.88 and as my allocation allows. For additional information, including the stock’s dividend history, please refer to its data page.

Disclaimer: Material presented here is for informational purposes only. The above quantitative stock analysis, including the Star rating, is mechanically calculated and is based on historical information. The analysis assumes the stock will perform in the future as it has in the past. This is generally never true. Before buying or selling any stock you should do your own research and reach your own conclusion. See my Disclaimer for more information.

Full Disclosure: At the time of this writing, I was long in HGIC (4.0% of my Income Portfolio). See a list of all my income holdings here.

Related Articles:

- AFLAC Incorporated (AFL) Dividend Stock Analysis
- Cincinnati Financial Corp. (CINF) Dividend Stock Analysis
- McDonald’s Corporation (MCD) Dividend Stock Analysis
- Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) Dividend Stock Analysis
- More Stock Analysis

The down side to this is that great values are harder to find. However, that is not to say they aren’t still out there. Of the 198 stocks I track, only 29 (15%) are trading below my calculated fair value, up from 7% this time last year. Here are some of the more interesting ones…

Becton, Dickinson and Co. (BDX) provides a wide range of medical devices and diagnostic products used in hospitals, doctors’ offices, research labs and other settings.
Fair Value: $109.88 | Recent Price: $84.73 | Yield: 1.6%

Owens & Minor, Inc. (OMI) is a leading domestic distributor of medical and surgical supplies to the acute care market, a health care supply chain management company, and a direct-to-consumer (DTC) supplier of testing and monitoring supplies for diabetes.
Fair Value: $35.94 | Recent Price: $29.56 | Yield: 2.4%

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (WMT) is the largest retailer in North America. The company operates retail stores in various formats worldwide. It operates through three segments: Wal-Mart Stores, Sam’s Club, and International.
Fair Value: $63.69 | Recent Price: $54.56 | Yield: 2.2%

Abbott Laboratories (ABT) is a diversified life science company and is a leading maker of drugs, nutritional products, diabetes monitoring devices, and diagnostics.
Fair Value: $55.43 | Recent Price: $47.82 | Yield: 3.6%

Colgate-Palmolive (CL) is a major consumer products company that markets oral, personal and household care, and pet nutrition products in more than 200 countries and territories.
Fair Value: $91.57 | Recent Price: $79.79 | Yield: 2.5%

Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) is a leader in the pharmaceutical, medical device and consumer products industries.
Fair Value: $70.24 | Recent Price: $62.82 | Yield: 3.4%

Walgreen Company (WAG) is the largest U.S. retail drug chain in terms of revenues, this company operates more than 8,000 drug stores throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
Fair Value: $43.77 | Recent Price: $39.32 | Yield: 1.50%

Medtronic Inc. (MDT) is a global medical device manufacturer with leadership positions in the pacemaker, defibrillator, orthopedic, diabetes management, and other medical markets.
Fair Value: $41.34 | Recent Price: $37.41 | Yield: 2.4%

Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC) underwrites a broad array of personal and commercial coverages. These insurance coverages are marketed primarily in the Eastern and Midwestern United States.
Fair Value: $41.10 | Recent Price: $37.39 | Yield: 3.6%

Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) is the world’s largest software company, develops PC software, including the Windows operating system and the Office application suite.
Fair Value: $28.55 | Recent Price: $27.98 | Yield: 2.3%

I calculate Fair Value weighing The Mid-2 Price and the NPV MMA Price. The wieght depends on where we are in the cycle. Currently it is weighted as 25% Mid-2 price + 75% NPV MMA price. The Mid-2 Price considers four fair value calculations, Avg. High Yield Price, 20-Year DCF Price, Avg. P/E Price and Graham Number, the highest and lowest fair values are excluded and the remaining two calculations are averaged to calculate the Mid-2 price. The NPV MMA Price is where the NPV MMA value equals the NPV MMA target.

Needless to say, we need to consider a lot more than just valuation when making a stock purchase. As dividend growth investors, I would argue that dividend fundamentals are more important than valuation. As long-term buy and hold investors, we can over-come paying too much for a great stock with time. However, time is unlikely to help a fairly valued stock with poor dividend fundamentals.

Full Disclosure: Long OMI, WMT, ABT, CL, JNJ, MDT, HGIC. See a list of all my income holdings here.

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- Rev-up Your Portfolio With Asset Allocation
- Elite Dividend Stocks
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- Optimizing Your Asset Allocation

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There is not a lot of research in this area since most people spend their time contemplating capital accumulation, not spending it. However, there are a few studies on “safe” withdrawal rates. Let’s look at a few of them and consider what could be a better alternative…

The Bengen Study

In February 1997, the Wall Street Journal columnist Jonathan Clements reported on a study by San Diego based financial planner William Bengen. Bengen looked at year-by-year returns since 1925 for a 50/50 stock/bond portfolio. He assumed half the portfolio was in the S&P 500 and half in intermediate term government bonds. Using a 30 year holding period, he calculated that a 4.1% withdrawal rate would allow you to survive the worst market declines.

The Harvard Study

In 1973, Harvard University did a study to determine how much they could safely withdraw from their endowment fund without eroding the principal. Assuming a portfolio of 50% stocks and 50% bonds and cash, Harvard’s analysts calculated they could withdraw 4% the first year and then adjust the subsequent year’s withdrawals for inflation. For example, if there was 10% inflation, the second year’s withdrawal would be 4.4% of the initial (i.e., first year) asset value.

The Trinity Study

Dallas Morning News columnist Scott Burns has written extensively on a “safe” withdrawal study by three Trinity University researchers. The Trinity Study measures the “success rate” of various portfolios from 1926 to 1995. The “success rate” is the percent of time a retiree could sustain a given withdrawal rate without depleting his retirement assets. The optimal asset mix is 75% stock/25% long term corporate bonds. For a 30 year payout period and a 4% withdrawal rate, this mix had a 98% success rate. At a 3% withdrawal rate, the 75/25 mix had a 100% success rate. Interpolating these results would give you a “safe” withdrawal rate of slightly less than 4%, virtually identical to the Harvard study.

So it seems that 4% is the number that all these studies are pointing to based on on historical data. But is it a safe number if you retire today? More recently Burns wrote:

The established safe-withdrawal-rate rules of thumb are based on long periods of time in which yields were higher than they are today and stock valuations were lower. A growing school of thought believes future withdrawal rates should be reduced to reflect expected lower future returns. This would knock another 1.5 to 2 percentage points off the safe withdrawal rate.

You must also consider is that these studies are based on investment returns before expenses. If you’re paying an investment advisor an annual fee of 2% of assets and he has you invested in no-load mutual funds with a 0.5% expense ratio, your annual expenses are 2.5%. Your “safe” withdrawal rate is is now 2.5% lower than what you previously thought.

Dividend Growth Stocks: A Better Way

When I retire, I want a high degree of assurance that I won’t run out of money, have to start a second career or develop a taste for cheap dog food. I plan on achieving my goal of an ever growing income with a diversified portfolio of high-quality dividend stocks. Why would I settle for trying to live on as little as 1.5% to 4% of my portfolio, when I can build a portfolio of dividend paying stocks that will provide for my needs without depleting the principle. Here are several stocks that I plan to rely on for decades to come:

Abbott Laboratories (ABT) | Dividend Growth: 8.3%| Yield: 3.6%
ABT is a diversified life science company and is a leading maker of drugs, nutritional products, diabetes monitoring devices, and diagnostics.

Genuine Parts Co. (GPC) | Dividend Growth: 2.5%| Yield: 3.2%
GPC is a leading wholesale distributor of automotive replacement parts, industrial parts and supplies, and office products.

Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC) | Dividend Growth: 8.0%| Yield: 3.7%
HGIC underwrites a broad array of personal and commercial coverages. These insurance coverages are marketed primarily in the Eastern and Midwestern United States.

Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) | Dividend Growth: 8.4%| Yield: 3.4%
JNJ is a leader in the pharmaceutical, medical device and consumer products industries.

The Coca-Cola Company (KO) | Dividend Growth: 7.3%| Yield: 2.7%
KO is the world’s largest soft drink company, KO also has a sizable fruit juice business. Its bottling interests include a 34% stake in NYSE-listed Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE).

McDonald’s Corporation (MCD) | Dividend Growth: 15.0%| Yield: 2.9%
MCD is the largest fast-food restaurant company in the world, with about 32,500 restaurants in 117 countries.

Medtronic Inc. (MDT) | Dividend Growth: 9.4%| Yield: 2.4%
MDT is a global medical device manufacturer with leadership positions in the pacemaker, defibrillator, orthopedic, diabetes management, and other medical markets.

PepsiCo, Inc. (PEP) | Dividend Growth: 6.5%| Yield: 2.9%
PepsiCo, Inc. is a major international producer of branded beverage and snack food products.

The Procter & Gamble Company (PG) | Dividend Growth: 7.0%| Yield: 3.0%
PG is a leading consumer products company markets household and personal care products in more than 180 countries.

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (WMT) | Dividend Growth: 11.0%| Yield: 2.3%
WMT is the largest retailer in North America. The company operates retail stores in various formats worldwide. It operates through three segments: Wal-Mart Stores, Sam’s Club, and International.

Not all of these stocks are a buy today, but they are ones you will eventually want to add to your dividend portfolio. Retirement planning doesn’t have to be difficult. A financially successful retirement requires planning, discipline and execution. The sooner you start, the easier it is. Don’t risk running out of money before you run out of life.

Full Disclosure: Long ABT, GPC, HGIC, JNJ, KO, MCD, MDT, PEP, PG, WMT. See a list of all my income holdings here.

Related Posts
- What Determines A Dividend Stock’s Yield
- Archive | Dividends Value
- 10 Stocks With Sustainable Dividend Growth
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- When Is A Lot of Cash A Bad Thing?

Sources: Dallas News, Retire Early, passionsaving.com

(Photo Credit)

Consider the following table:

The first column is the initial yield of the stock. The second column is the dividend growth rate over the period. The final 3 columns are the yields on cost (YOC) after the 5th, 10th and 20th years.  After 10 years, the YOC has either doubled (initial yields of 1%-4%), nearly doubled (initial yield of 5%) of exceeded 10% (initial yields of 6%-9%). After 20 years all the YOCs exceeded 10% except the 1% initial yield. Note that the sum of each initial yield and growth rate equals 12%, which is a nice rule of thumb to look for.

The following dividend stocks have a current yield + growth rate between 10%-12%:

There is no hard and fast rule to what initial yield + growth rate should equal. To be more conservative you could limit your selection criteria to less than 10%. This of course will lower the future YOC, but highlight stocks that should have a greater chance of performing. As always, a careful evaluation should be performed before buying or selling any stock.

Full Disclosure: Long ABT, JNJ, HGIC, KMB, INTC, CTL, PG, KO. See a list of all my income holdings here.

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(Photo Credit)

Dividends Received

Total dividends received during the month were $218.33, consisting of:

• $29.04 The Coca-Cola Company (KO)
• $7.57 Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond ETF (BIV)
• $11.48 Genuine Parts Company (GPC)
• $14.96 Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (ADP)
• $31.68 Kimberly-Clark Corporation (KMB)
• $27.00 Leggett & Platt, Incorporated (LEG)
• $24.00 Cincinnati Financial Corp. (CINF)
• $38.00 Sysco Corp. (SYY)
• $4.90 PowerShares Emerging Mkt Debt (PCY)
• $29.70 Medtronic, Inc. (MDT)

Dividend Stock Purchases

The following securities were purchased during the month:

• 30 Shares Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) providing $64.80 in annual dividend income
• 50 Shares Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC) providing $72.00 in annual dividend income
• 58 Shares AT&T, Inc. (T) providing $97.44 in annual dividend income
• 40 Shares Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (ADP) providing $54.44 in annual dividend income

Also, I liquidated my position in Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond ETF (BIV).

Annualized Dividend Income

Including the above purchases, my annual PCP dividend income is now $2,494.16 at the current dividend rates. This is up $293.84 from last month’s $2,200.32 amount. The PCP has never had a monthly decline in annualized dividend income.

Portfolio Returns

• Month: 2.31%
• Year-to-date: 11.98%
• Life-to-date: 15.30% (annualized)

My PCP holdings are always available by selecting the Holdings option from the menu in the header. The next PCP update will be mid-December.

(Photo: sanja gjenero)

The Allocation Dilemma

If your entire portfolio consists of income-based dividend stocks it would be very easy to end up over allocated in certain sectors.  Of the nearly 200 companies that I track, 15% of them are in the Consumer Goods sector. Furthermore, some of most well-known and very best dividend growth stocks are in this sector, including: Colgate-Palmolive (CL), Coca-Cola Company (KO), Pepsico, Inc. (PEP), Procter & Gamble (PG) and Kimberly-Clark Co. (KMB).

The relatively high yields of the Financial Services sector also make it appealing to dividend growth investors. The Financial Services sector is well represented in the stocks that I track, accounting for nearly 17%.With most banks falling out of favor, many higher-yielding insurance companies have filled the void, including: Erie Indemnity Co. (ERIE), Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC), Cincinnati Financial Corp. (CINF) and  Mercury General Corp. (MCY).

In addition, the Healthcare sector produces several desirable dividend growth stock. These include: Abbott Laboratories (ABT), Cardinal Health, Inc. (CAH), Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) and Medtronic Inc. (MDT).

Judge Allocation Based On Your Total Portfolio

Instead of trying to preserve my allocation at the individual portfolio level (income, 401(k), IRA, etc.), I measuring asset allocation across my entire portfolio. You can’t truly determine your overall risk, unless you consider your entire portfolio. The first time I calculated my allocation across all my holdings, I was surprised at the outcome. Some of the areas I thought would be over-allocated were not, while other areas came up short.

Needless to say, the first time you look at allocation across your portfolio, there is fair amount of set-up work.  I have made available my DFL-Calc-Asset-Allocation.xls Excel spreadsheet to those interested in short-cutting some of the effort.

Set Limits On Individual Holdings

In addition to my overall asset allocation, I have set limits on individual stocks, Exchange-Traded-Funds (ETFs) and Closed-End Funds (CEFs). In setting these limits, you have to ask yourself, ‘What is the most I would be willing to lose, if a company went belly-up over night?’ For me and my risk tolerance, 5% was the amount I was comfortable with. I doubled the amount to 10% for funds (ETFs and CEFs) since they are invested in many different stocks. I did limit exchange traded notes to 5%, since your risk is effectively in the company issuing the security.

Sector-Basted ETFs

As a result of being over-allocated in two sectors and close on others, I began to investigate how I could target specific sectors where I was significantly under-allocated. I looked at two fund companies that offered sector-based ETFs, iShares and Vanguard. Their offerings were similar, and included: Consumer, Energy, Financial, Healthcare, Industrials, Materials, Real Estate, Technology, Telecomm and Utilities. In many instances the funds tracked the same indexes. As you might suspect, the Vanguard fund expenses are about half of the iShares funds. Most of the Vanguard sector ETFs charge a 0.25% management fee.

For some time, I have looked for appropriate income investments in the Utilities and Real Estate sectors. Unfortunately, they have been hard to come by. The Vanguard Sector ETFs just may help me increase my allocation in these areas, and few others. Here are three that I am currently evaluating:

Vanguard Utilities ETF (VPU) | Expenses: 0.25% | Yield:  3.76% : The fund employs a passive management investment approach designed to track the performance of the MSCI U.S. Investable Market Utilities 25/50 index. This index consists of all capitalization companies within the utilities sector. The sector includes electric, gas, and water utility companies, as well as companies that operate as independent producers and/or distributors of power. The sector includes both nuclear and nonnuclear facilities.

Vanguard REIT Index ETF (VNQ) | Expenses: 0.13% | Yield:  3.60% : The fund employs a passive management investment approach designed to track the performance of the MSCI® US REIT index. The index is composed of stocks of publicly traded equity real estate investment trusts (known as REITs).

Vanguard Telecom Services ETF (VOX) | Expenses: 0.25% | Yield:  2.61%:  The fund employs a passive management investment approach to track the performance of the MSCI U.S. Investable Market Telecommunication Services 25/50 index. The index is made up of stocks of large, medium-size, and small U.S. companies within the telecommunication services sector. The sector includes companies that provide communication services primarily through fixed-line, cellular, wireless, high-bandwidth, and/or fiber-optic cable networks.

In the past I owned VNQ in my income portfolio. After a period of time, I determined its erratic dividends were not appropriate for my income portfolio. After a quick look at VPU and VOX, I found that their dividends were not consistent and thus also not appropriate for my income portfolio. However, I will continue to give consideration to holding these ETFs outside my income portfolio – not as income investments but for allocation purposes.

Full Disclosure: Long CL, KO, PEP, PG, KMB, HGIC, CINF, ABT, JNJ, MDT. See a list of all my income holdings here.

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This expectation does not change even when the economy turns down and earnings decline; dividend growth investors still require annual dividend growth. The companies that are able to accomplish this are those with a operating model that generates strong free cash flows with room to pay out a higher percentage as dividends. Below are several companies with a low free cash flow payout (below 40%):

An interesting twist to the above is a 2006 study conducted by Credit Suisse that found high dividend yield stocks generally
outperformed those with lower yields. However, the best returns did not come from those with the highest yields, but those with higher yields coupled with low payout ratios. The study found that high yield, low payout stocks that produced the better returns were priced at low ratios of price-to-earnings, and as a corollary, at high ratios of earnings-to-price; i.e., earnings yield. Put another way, the stocks prices were depressed, thus creating the higher yield and a value play. Below are several dividend growth stocks with a higher yields (around 4%+) and low free cash flow payouts (50% and below):

At some point we will all want to retire, but that is not to say we want our portfolio to stop working for us. A good dividend growth stock portfolio will not only provide us income in our retirement, but provide us more income each year than the one before.

Full Disclosure: Long GD, MDT, ADP, PG, INTC, ABT, GPC, TEG, CINF, LLY, HGIC. See a list of all my income holdings here.

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Dividend growth investing is not about exit points, momentum swings, relative strength, sector rotation; instead it is about studying fundamentals, selecting superior stocks and building a portfolio with a long-term horizon.  When we buy a dividend stock, we hope to hold it forever.  What makes a good dividend stock? Here are some of the things I look for:

Good Business Model

Sell things that people want or need, and do it in such a way that it is difficult or impossible for others to duplicate. There is a reason that pharmaceutical companies, such as Abbott Laboratories (ABT), are so profitable. With effective drugs under patent that sustain or enhance people’s life these companies have a deep moat. Consumer goods companies like Procter & Gamble Co. (PG) and Kimberly-Clark Corporation (KMB) manufacture products such as soap, detergent and toilet paper that we just can’t do without. Sure, there may be generic substitutes, but over the years many of these products have endeared themselves to consumers who are willing to pay a few cents more for the name brand.

Strong Free Cash Flow

Dividends are paid with cash remaining after paying the operating expenses and replacement capital (free cash flow). If a company has trouble meeting these basic needs, then its dividend is perilously at risk. Companies with a low free cash flow payout (FCF) payout are well-positioned to sustain their dividend. Such companies include: Target Corporation (TGT) at 13.85% FCF Payout, Diebold, Inc. (DBD) at 17.21%, International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) at 19.48% and Walgreen Company (WAG) at 22.71%.

Acceptable Debt Level

Generating a strong free cash flow is not enough – cash has to be available to be paid as dividends. As a result of the economic downturn, many companies are feeling pressure to reduce debt to stay within their covenants and try to maintain their debt rating. If a company’s excess cash is being used to service debt, there may not be any left over to increase dividends. Companies with a low debt to total capital include: T. Rowe Price Group Inc. (TROW) at 0.00% Debt to Total Capital, Automatic Data Processing Inc. (ADP) at 0.69%, Harleysville Group Inc. (HGIC) at 13.19% and Genuine Parts Company (GPC) at 15.76%.

Good Balance between Dividend Yield and Growth

There is usually a reason why a stock’s yield is above average. Often it is the market’s way of saying it doesn’t believe the company can maintain the dividend. Most people understand this risk. However, there is also risk to a stock that has a high dividend growth rate. To maintain a high dividend growth rate the company has to grow cash available for dividends at the same rate. This is often difficult to do. Here are several companies with a good balance between dividend yield and dividend growth rate: The Coca-Cola Company (KO) 2.94% yield and 7.32% dividend growth rate, UGI Corporation (UGI) 3.06% yield and 5.70% growth, The Clorox Company (CLX) 3.24% yield and 9.35% growth, Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) 3.31% yield and 8.42% growth and Corporate Office Properties (OFC) 4.25% yield and 5.22% growth.

For those of us that have invested in dividends for years (decades for some), we know dividend growth investing is not a passing fad to be “played” then move on the next hot investment strategy. Part of me will be glad when dividend investing falls out of favor and the masses moves on.

Full Disclosure: Long ABT, PG, ADP, HGIC, CLX, GP, JNJ, KMB, KO. See a list of all my income holdings here.

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