What’s the difference between a Ponzi scheme and a utility company? Before I answer that question, let’s look at what a Ponzi scheme is.  Wikipedia defines it as:

A  fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to separate investors from their own money or money paid by subsequent investors, rather than from any actual profit earned. The Ponzi scheme usually entices new investors by offering returns other investments cannot guarantee, in the form of short-term returns that are either abnormally high or unusually consistent. The perpetuation of the returns that a Ponzi scheme advertises and pays requires an ever-increasing flow of money from investors to keep the scheme going.

In effect, a Ponzi scheme pays yesterday’s investors with money from today’s investors. It works great until there aren’t enough new investors to pay the old investors. In a similar manner, most utility companies rely on new capital either in the form of debt or equity to fund investment and to pay dividends. Consider the following:

Atmos Energy Corp. (ATO) – Yield: 4.88%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 31m; 2009 92m
Long-Term Debt: 2000 363.2m; 2009 2,159.5m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 5 of 10

Black Hills Corp. (BKH) – Yield: 5.10%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 22m; 2009 38m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 160.7m; 2008 719.2m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 7 of 10

Connecticut Water Service Inc. (CTWS) – Yield: 4.01%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 7m; 2009 8m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 65.4m; 2008 92.2m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 5 of 10

California Water Service Group (CWT) – Yield: 3.29%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 15m; 2009 20m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 156.6m; 2008 373.5m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 10 of 10

Consolidated Edison, Inc. (ED) – Yield: 5.52%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 212m; 2009 276m
Long-Term Debt: 2000 5,415.4m; 2009 9,854.0m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 6 of 10

MGE Energy Inc. (MGEE) – Yield: 4.40%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 16m; 2008 22m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 148.6m; 2008 272.5m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 7 of 10

Middlesex Water Co. (MSEX) – Yield: 4.31%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 10m; 2008 13m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 82.5m; 2008 118.2m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 10 of 10

Progress Energy, Inc. (PGN) – Yield: 6.48%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 157m; 2008 260m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 3028.6m; 2008 10,659.0m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 5 of 10

Integrys Energy Group, Inc. (TEG) – Yield: 6.17%
Shares Outstanding: 2000 26m; 2008 76m
Long-Term Debt: 1999 634.5m; 2008 2,396.7m
Years of Negative Free Cash Flow: 10 of 10

Each of the above companies are growing their debt and shares outstanding while generating insufficient cash to fund their operating expenses, including normal capital replacements, in at least 5 of the last 10 years. For a company to consistently raise its dividends, it must generate strong cash flows sufficient to meet operating obligations and to service outstanding debt. When the day comes that these companies can not raise enough capital to fund the operating requirements, the first source of additional cash will likely come in the form of a lower or eliminated dividend.

So, back to the original question, what is the difference between a Ponzi scheme and a utility? The answer is simply disclosure. All the above information on these companies was made available via S.E.C. filings. Unlike Bernard Madoff, these companies are telling you exactly what they are doing, thus there is no intent to defraud. I own some of the companies above, but I won’t be rushing to add to increase my positions.

Caveat emptor!

Full Disclosure: Long ED, PGN, TEG. See a list of all my income holdings here.

(Photo Credit)

Below are four companies rewarding their shareholders with higher cash dividends:

Middlesex Water (MSEX) provides regulated water utility service in parts of New Jersey and Delaware; and also operates waste water systems. October 30th the company increased its quarterly dividend to $0.18/share. The dividend is payable December 1, 2009 to shareholders of record as of November 13, 2009. The ex-dividend date is November 11, 2009. MSEX is a Dividend Champion and has increased its dividend for 36 consecutive years. The yield based on the new payout is 4.62%.

Aaron’s (AAN) rents and sells residential and office furniture, consumer electronics and household appliances, and also manufactures furniture for rental and subsequent sale. November 4th the company raised its quarterly dividend 5.9% to $0.018/share. The dividend is payable January 4, 2010 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on December 1, 2009. The ex-dividend date is November 27. The yield based on the new payout is 0.27%.

Microchip (MCHP) supplies microcontrollers and analog and other semiconductor
products for a wide variety of high-volume embedded control applications. November 4th the company increased its quarter dividend to $0.34/share. The yield based on the new payout is 5.56%.

Universal Corp. (UVV) is the world’s largest independent leaf tobacco dealer. November 5th the company raised its quarterly dividend 2.2% to $0.47/share. The dividend is payable February 9, 2010, to common shareholders of record at the close of business on January 11, 2010. The yield based on the new payout is 4.33%.

Great companies that raise their dividends each and every year often make the best income investments. For a list of stocks with a long string of consecutive dividend increases, see this list.

Full Disclosure: No position in the aforementioned stocks. See a list of all my income holdings here.

(Photo Credit)

I. S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats

These stocks are the best of the best – the blue blood stocks. S&P maintains the list. Here is a description from their site:

S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats is designed to measure the performance of S&P 500 index constituents that have followed a policy of consistently increasing dividends every year for at least 25 consecutive years. This index is a member of the S&P Dividend Aristocrats index series.

Index constituents exhibit the following characteristics:

• Underlying Indices – S&P 500
• Weighting – Equally weighted; Constituents re-weighted quarterly
• Reconstitution – Reviewed annually in December

Members may be deleted during the December rebalance if calendar-year dividends did not increase from the previous year, or intra-year if the stock is removed from the underlying S&P 500.

Among others, Dividend Aristocrats include these highly recognizable names:

• Clorox Co (CLX)
• Coca-Cola Co (KO)
• Exxon Mobil (XOM)
• Johnson & Johnson (JNJ)
• McDonald’s Corp (MCD)
• Procter & Gamble (PG)
• Wal-Mart Stores (WMT)

II. US Broad Dividend Achievers™ Index

This index is maintained by Idxis. Here is the description from their website:

The Broad Dividend Achievers™ Index is comprised of companies incorporated in the United States or its territories, trade on the NYSE, NASDAQ or AMEX, and have increased their annual regular dividend payments for the last ten or more consecutive years. In addition, Indxis requires that a stock’s average daily cash volume exceed $500,000 per day in the November and December prior to the annual reconstitution date on the last trading date in January. The Index is calculated using a modified market capitalization weighting methodology and has been published by the American Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol DAA since December 5, 2003.

Select US companies with at least ten consecutive years of increasing regular dividends. US companies must be listed on the NYSE, AMEX or NASDAQ. US Companies must have a minimum average daily cash volume of US$500,000 per day for the November and December prior to each Annual Reconstitution Date.

Here are several prominent companies that are Dividend Achievers:

• Chevron Corporation (CVX)
• Donaldson Company (DCI)
• McCormick & Co. (MKC)
• Wells Fargo & Co. (WFC)

III. International Dividend Achievers™ Index

This index is maintained by Idxis. Here is the description from their website:

The International Dividend Achievers™ Index is designed to track the performance of dividend paying American Depositary Receipts and foreign common stocks trading on major US exchanges. To become eligible for inclusion in the International Dividend Achievers Index a stock must be incorporated outside the United States, trade on the NYSE, NASDAQ or AMEX, and have increased its annual regular dividend payments for the last five or more consecutive years. In addition, Indxis requires that a stock’s average daily cash volume exceed $500,000 per day in November and December prior to each annual reconstitution in January. The Index is calculated using a dividend yield weighting methodology and is calculated by American Stock Exchange under the symbol DAT since August 1, 2005.

To become eligible for inclusion, a company must be incorporated outside of the United States. The companies must be have an American Depository Receipt or common stock trading on NYSE, NASDAQ or AMEX. Companies must have paid increasing regular annual dividends for five or more consecutive years. The average daily cash volume must exceed $500,000 in US$ in the November and December prior to reconstitution.

The International Dividend Achievers are filled with companies that touch our lives on a daily basis including:

• Toyota Motor Corp. (TM)
• Panasonic Corp (PC)
• Nokia Corp. (NOK)
• BP p.l.c. (BP)
• Canadian National Railway Company (CNI)

IV. The U.S. Dividend Champions

This list is maintained by Dave Fish of MoneyPaper is regularly updated and located at the The Drip Investing Resource Center. Here is a description from the spreadsheet:

The initial goal was to identify companies that had increased their dividend for at least 25 consecutive years, but, as explained below, the definition was broadened to include additional companies that had paid higher dividends without having increased the quarterly payout in every calendar year. I also decided to follow companies that had increased their dividend for 20-24 straight years, since they are likely to join the 25-year “Champions” soon. It was also necessary to resolve discrepancies between the streak claimed by the company and information from outside sources, which is why the “(Per Company)” sub-title is included.

All the U.S. Dividend Champions names may not be as familiar, but it includes some smaller companies not found on the other lists such as:

• Florida Public Utilities (FPU)
• Bowl America (BWL.A)
• Middlesex Water Co. (MSEX)
• Telephone & Data Sys. (TDS)
• Weyco Group Inc. (WEYS)

Bringing It All Together

The above four lists contain a significant number of companies, and unfortunately a great deal of duplication. I am in the process of building a single list that eliminates the multiple entries for the same company. It is my goal to eventually have a minimum amount of analysis on each company. To that end, I have posted an aggregated list as Stock Ideas under the Analysis section. It is still very rough around the edges, but keep checking in, it will get better as time passes.

Not every stock listed is a great dividend investment, but virtually all great dividend investments are on the list.

Full Disclosure: Long BP, CLX, CNI, CVX, JNJ, KO, MCD, PG, WMT

(Photo: ilker)